Principles

• Action research increases human understanding.
• It is concern to improve quality of human action and practice.
• The focus is on the immediate concern to practitioners
• Action research is collaborative. It implies a shared community of discourse between insiders and outsiders and those practitioners are not merely treated as clients but as co-investigators.
• It is conducted in a natural setting where the problem is encountered.
• Action research is participatory in nature. Those affected participate in research and implementation of preferred solutions.
• It focuses on the case or a single unit. Action research examines a single case and a sample population, for instance, the classroom or the school.
• There is no attempt to control setting variables.
• The problem, aims, and methodology may shift as inquiry proceeds. Action research does not consider problems as fixed.
• Action research is evaluative-reflective.
• Action research is methodologically eclectic-innovative.
• It is scientific. By stating problems, formulate action hypotheses the action researcher exercises rigorous scientific principles of procedures.
• Usefulness or utility value should be shared among the participants.
• Dialogue and discourse-based nature. In action research understanding can only be achieved through unconstrained dialogue with project participants.
• Action research is critical. Critique is a pivotal aspect of the process and an important step towards understanding interpretation and emancipation.
• Action research in emancipatory. It attempts to give participants greater autonomy through collective reflection.

Organizer